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Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band

Received: 20 November 2022     Accepted: 17 January 2023     Published: 30 January 2023
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Abstract

The article considers the results of experimental studies of the parameters of focused beams formed in W-band planar antennas of diffraction radiation using an axial dielectric lens and at focal lengths from tens of centimeters to several meters. The focusing of the beam was carried out utilizing a set of replaceable dielectric lenses with a calculated focusing distance of 1,5 m, 3 m, and 6 m. The focusing mode was also considered with two lenses installed in series, jointly providing focusing of the beam at a distance of about 0,8 m. Evaluation of the operating parameters of an electrodynamic system consisting of a planar dielectric waveguide and a planar diffraction grating both located near an inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric layer with a variable profile (thickness), which is an axial dielectric lens, was the main aim of the researches, as well as the effect of this inhomogeneity on the quality of the formed focused beams under conditions of changes in the distance (depth of field) in the imaging mode, when the beam is inflected from the lens axis, as well as when the operating frequency changes over a wide range of values. In the course of the research, it was found that dielectric lenses with an axial profile made of high-quality polystyrene or PTFE provide the parameters of focusing antenna beams for the developed antennas of diffraction radiation following theoretical calculations, both in the focusing depth and in the mode of beam inflection from the lens axis up to  9 while changing the frequency in the range of 84100 GHz. In this case, the level of the measured side lobes in the generated beams practically did not differ from the similar values obtained for these antennas during their measurement in the open space (in the far-field zone). At a focal length of 75 cm, the transverse dimension of the focused beam was estimated as 35 mm, which approximately corresponds to the radiation wavelength and demonstrates a high focusing quality approaching the theoretically possible diffraction limit and also indicates a weak influence of the inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric lens on the electrodynamics properties of the antenna of diffraction radiation.

Published in American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11
Page(s) 16-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Millimeter Wavelength Antenna, Antenna of Diffraction Radiation, Antenna Focusing Beam, Antenna Radiation Pattern, Millimeter Wave Measurements

References
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[7] Sydorenko, Y., Provalov, S., Shylo, S., & Wheeler, D. (2020). Compact MMW-band planar diffraction type antennas for various applications. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications. 8 (1), 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20200801.13.
[8] Shylo, S., Sydorenko, Yu., Wheeler, D., & Dundonald, D. (2013). W-band passive imaging system implemented with rotating diffraction antenna technology. Proc. of SPIE, 8900, 890008-890010.
[9] Fernandes, C., Lima E., &Costa, J. (2016). Dielectric Lens Antennas / Z. Chen, Handbook of antenna Technology. Springer Singapore. 1001-1064.
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[11] Yi, H., Qu, S., Ng, K., & Chan, C. (2014). 3-D printed discrete dielectric lens antenna with matching layer. 2014 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Conference Proceedings, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 115-116. doi: 10.1109/ISANP.2014.7026557.
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[15] Milligan, T. (2005). Modern Antenna Design, 2-Ed., (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
[16] Boriskin, A., & Sauleau, R. (2018). Aperture Antennas for Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Wave Applications (Springer International Publishing).
[17] Bares, B., & Sauleau, R. (2007). Design and optimization of axisymmetric millimeter-wave shaped lens antennas with a directive, secant-squared and conical beams. IET Microwaves Antennas Prop., 1, 433–439.
[18] Pasqualini, D., &, Maci, S. (2004). High-frequency analysis of integrated dielectric lens antennas. IEEE Trans Antennas Prop. 52, 840 –847.
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[20] Chen, Q., Fan, Y., Zhou, J., & Song, K. (2015). Design of Quasi-Optical Lens Antenna for W-Band Short Range Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3, 93-99.
[21] Tuovinen, J., Hirvonen, T., & Raisanen, A. (1992). Near-Field Analysis of a Thick Lens and Horn Combination: Theory and Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Prop., 40, 613-619.
[22] Sun, Z., & Dou, W. (1998). Far-Field Pattern of a Focal-Plane Array-Lens Antenna at Millimeter Wavelengths. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 19, 673–685.
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    Sergiy Provalov, Yuriy Sydorenko, Sergiy Shylo. (2023). Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 10(2), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11

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    ACS Style

    Sergiy Provalov; Yuriy Sydorenko; Sergiy Shylo. Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2023, 10(2), 16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11

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    AMA Style

    Sergiy Provalov, Yuriy Sydorenko, Sergiy Shylo. Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2023;10(2):16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11,
      author = {Sergiy Provalov and Yuriy Sydorenko and Sergiy Shylo},
      title = {Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band},
      journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {16-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20221002.11},
      abstract = {The article considers the results of experimental studies of the parameters of focused beams formed in W-band planar antennas of diffraction radiation using an axial dielectric lens and at focal lengths from tens of centimeters to several meters. The focusing of the beam was carried out utilizing a set of replaceable dielectric lenses with a calculated focusing distance of 1,5 m, 3 m, and 6 m. The focusing mode was also considered with two lenses installed in series, jointly providing focusing of the beam at a distance of about 0,8 m. Evaluation of the operating parameters of an electrodynamic system consisting of a planar dielectric waveguide and a planar diffraction grating both located near an inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric layer with a variable profile (thickness), which is an axial dielectric lens, was the main aim of the researches, as well as the effect of this inhomogeneity on the quality of the formed focused beams under conditions of changes in the distance (depth of field) in the imaging mode, when the beam is inflected from the lens axis, as well as when the operating frequency changes over a wide range of values. In the course of the research, it was found that dielectric lenses with an axial profile made of high-quality polystyrene or PTFE provide the parameters of focusing antenna beams for the developed antennas of diffraction radiation following theoretical calculations, both in the focusing depth and in the mode of beam inflection from the lens axis up to  9 while changing the frequency in the range of 84100 GHz. In this case, the level of the measured side lobes in the generated beams practically did not differ from the similar values obtained for these antennas during their measurement in the open space (in the far-field zone). At a focal length of 75 cm, the transverse dimension of the focused beam was estimated as 35 mm, which approximately corresponds to the radiation wavelength and demonstrates a high focusing quality approaching the theoretically possible diffraction limit and also indicates a weak influence of the inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric lens on the electrodynamics properties of the antenna of diffraction radiation.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Estimation of the Parameters of Focused Beams at Short Distances for Antennas of Diffraction Radiation at the Millimeter-Wave Band
    AU  - Sergiy Provalov
    AU  - Yuriy Sydorenko
    AU  - Sergiy Shylo
    Y1  - 2023/01/30
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11
    T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
    SP  - 16
    EP  - 24
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-5984
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20221002.11
    AB  - The article considers the results of experimental studies of the parameters of focused beams formed in W-band planar antennas of diffraction radiation using an axial dielectric lens and at focal lengths from tens of centimeters to several meters. The focusing of the beam was carried out utilizing a set of replaceable dielectric lenses with a calculated focusing distance of 1,5 m, 3 m, and 6 m. The focusing mode was also considered with two lenses installed in series, jointly providing focusing of the beam at a distance of about 0,8 m. Evaluation of the operating parameters of an electrodynamic system consisting of a planar dielectric waveguide and a planar diffraction grating both located near an inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric layer with a variable profile (thickness), which is an axial dielectric lens, was the main aim of the researches, as well as the effect of this inhomogeneity on the quality of the formed focused beams under conditions of changes in the distance (depth of field) in the imaging mode, when the beam is inflected from the lens axis, as well as when the operating frequency changes over a wide range of values. In the course of the research, it was found that dielectric lenses with an axial profile made of high-quality polystyrene or PTFE provide the parameters of focusing antenna beams for the developed antennas of diffraction radiation following theoretical calculations, both in the focusing depth and in the mode of beam inflection from the lens axis up to  9 while changing the frequency in the range of 84100 GHz. In this case, the level of the measured side lobes in the generated beams practically did not differ from the similar values obtained for these antennas during their measurement in the open space (in the far-field zone). At a focal length of 75 cm, the transverse dimension of the focused beam was estimated as 35 mm, which approximately corresponds to the radiation wavelength and demonstrates a high focusing quality approaching the theoretically possible diffraction limit and also indicates a weak influence of the inhomogeneity in the form of a dielectric lens on the electrodynamics properties of the antenna of diffraction radiation.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Radiointroscopy, O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

  • Department of Radiointroscopy, O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

  • Department of Radiointroscopy, O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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